Know The Signs Of A Stroke

Each year, nearly 800,000 strokes are diagnosed. There are 2 types of strokes which are ischemic, where blood flow is reduced from a blockage, and hemorrhagic, where a vessel bleeds into the brain. Each type can damage brain cells, producing symptoms of sudden weakness, numbness, confusion, trouble speaking, facial droop, dizziness, and headache. Recognizing these signs early can make a difference and minimize the damage caused by medical interventions. Risk factors include hypertension (HTN), smoking, diabetes mellitus, high cholesterol, heart disease, and arrhythmia.

What is a mild stroke?

A transient ischemic attack (TIA), is called a mild stroke and temporarily disrupts blood flow to a part of the brain. Symptoms typically occur when a blood clot reduces blood flow, and the body dissolves the clot, restoring flow within 24 hours. Neurologic symptoms vary and are less severe without permanent damage. A TIA is a warning sign and often a precursor to a full-blown stroke, so taking action is paramount to reduce the risk by being proactive.

A TIA requires urgent action

Any sudden neurologic deficit should be evaluated by a healthcare provider immediately. Upon presentation, a neurologic exam and stroke score will be performed, and actions taken depending on the severity of symptoms and results. A head computed tomography (CT) scan to evaluate the brain will take precedence, and serial neurologic exams will be performed to see if symptoms progress or resolve. A TIA would indicate that symptoms resolved, and risk factor modification would ensue. Medications may be prescribed to prevent blood clots, lower blood pressure, and manage cholesterol levels. Often, an echocardiogram is performed to evaluate the heart chambers, valves, and function and for embolic sources of stroke or blood clots inside the heart.

Vital lifestyle modifications

Making significant lifestyle adjustments is essential for preventing strokes. Unhealthy lifestyle choices like smoking, poor diet, and inactivity can contribute to the risk of having a TIA. Regular exercise and smoking cessation will improve blood circulation and strengthen the heart muscles to pump blood more effectively. Physical activity will also help with stress reduction and brain health. Adopting a nutritious diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and decreasing salt and sugar intake will boost health, reduce inflammation, and reduce future risk.

A TIA is a wake-up call

Experiencing a TIA is the body’s way of communicating that action needs to be taken. First and foremost, time is brain tissue, so any sudden neurologic symptoms like weakness, numbness, slurred speech, and confusion need immediate medical attention from a healthcare provider. Treatment will be dictated by symptom onset and severity of symptoms. Medications will be prescribed to address risk factor modification, and lifestyle changes will be recommended based on individual circumstances. Smoking cessation, dietary changes, stress reduction, and regular exercise are all recommended to improve future heart and brain health.